Windows获取网卡信息

前言

&emsp;&emsp;这是一个Qt项目，需求是显示连接网卡的ip，过滤掉断开的和虚拟网卡等。本来想直接使用Qt提供的QNetworkConfigurationManager,但是在虚拟机里面这个接口某些情况无法检测到网卡配置，最后还是采用Windows API稳妥方案解决。WinAPI封装的com接口里面可以使用wmi nic查询网卡硬件相关的信息，但是这个接口主要是提供硬件信息，ip是个保留项，里面没有填充数据。所以还是直接使用<iphlpapi.h>里面接口。

代码

#define MALLOC(x) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))
#define FREE(x) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (x))

#define WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE 15000
#define MAX_TRIES 3
void queryNetcardIP{
    DWORD dwRetVal = 0;

    unsigned int i = 0;
    // Set the flags to pass to GetAdaptersAddresses

    ULONG flags = GAA_FLAG_INCLUDE_PREFIX;

    // default to unspecified address family (both)
    ULONG family = AF_UNSPEC;

    PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pAddresses = NULL;
    ULONG outBufLen = 0;
    ULONG Iterations = 0;

    PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES pCurrAddresses = NULL;

    IP_ADAPTER_PREFIX *pPrefix = NULL;
    //指定ipv4
    family = AF_INET;

    // Allocate a 15 KB buffer to start with.
    outBufLen = WORKING_BUFFER_SIZE;

    do {

        pAddresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES *) MALLOC(outBufLen);
        if (pAddresses == NULL) {
           return;         

        }
        dwRetVal =
            GetAdaptersAddresses(family, flags, NULL, pAddresses, &outBufLen);

        if (dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
            FREE(pAddresses);
            pAddresses = NULL;
        } else {
            break;
        }
        Iterations++;

    } while ((dwRetVal == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) && (Iterations < MAX_TRIES));

    if (dwRetVal == NO_ERROR) {
        // If successful, output some information from the data we received
        pCurrAddresses = pAddresses;
        QStringList list;
        while (pCurrAddresses) {
        //去掉VMWare和VirtualBox创建的虚拟网卡，过滤掉断开连接的网卡(OperStatus=2)，过滤掉环回网卡

            QString description = QString::fromWCharArray(pCurrAddresses->Description);

            if (description.contains("VirtualBox", Qt::CaseInsensitive)
                    || description.contains("VMware", Qt::CaseInsensitive)

                    || (pCurrAddresses->OperStatus == 2)
                    || (pCurrAddresses->IfType == IF_TYPE_SOFTWARE_LOOPBACK))
               ) {
                pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next;
                continue;
            }

            pPrefix = pCurrAddresses->FirstPrefix;
            if (pPrefix) {
                for (i = 0; pPrefix != NULL; i++) {
                //一个网卡的里面包含多个ip，网关、真实ip、广播地址等，第二个是真实ip

                    if (i == 1) {
                        sockaddr_in *address = (sockaddr_in *) pPrefix->Address.lpSockaddr;
                        list.append(inet_ntoa(address->sin_addr));
                        break;
                    }

                    pPrefix = pPrefix->Next;
                }
            }

            pCurrAddresses = pCurrAddresses->Next;
        }
        qInfo() << list;
    } 
    if (pAddresses) {
        FREE(pAddresses);
    }
}

其实PIP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES这个结构体里面还有很多其他重要信息，比如网卡速率，网卡类型等。